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Embedded CSS is a type of CSS that is included within a single HTML document, usually within a <style> tag in the <head> section of that document. This means that the styles defined in embedded CSS only affect the HTML elements within that particular document, making it specific to that instance.

This characteristic of applied styles is beneficial for quickly styling a single document without needing to create an external stylesheet. As such, while options related to specificity, reusability, and potential overrides from inline styles touch on different aspects of CSS, they do not accurately depict what embedded CSS is primarily characterized by. Thus, the property of affecting only a single HTML document is the defining hallmark of embedded CSS, affirming its role in targeted styling.