Which statement describes polymorphism in programming?

Polymorphism in programming is an essential concept primarily used in the context of object-oriented programming. It allows different classes to be treated as instances of the same class through a common interface. This capability means that a function or method can operate on objects of different classes, relying on the shared interface rather than the specific class types.

For instance, consider a scenario where you have different classes such as Dog and Cat, both of which implement a method called makeSound(). Due to polymorphism, you can create a list (or any collection) that contains objects of both Dog and Cat, and you can invoke the makeSound() method on each object. The correct method corresponding to the actual object type will be called, regardless of where it is referenced.

This statement emphasizes the flexibility and power of polymorphism, allowing for more generalized code that works with objects of various classes sharing commonality in terms of behavior.